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.icon-hamburger-1 svg.icon-hamburger { display: block;}.icon-hamburger-1 .fill-color.icon-hamburger { fill: #fff;}.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button { display: block; height: 4rem; font-size: 1.6rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; color: #ccc; cursor: pointer;}.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button .fill-color.login-button { fill: #999;}.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:active .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:focus .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:hover .fill-color.login-button { fill: #fff;}.login-button-1 .active.login-button { border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333;}.login-button-1 .active.login-button .fill-color.login-button { fill: #fff;}.login-button-1 span.login-button { display: none; font-size: 1.4rem; text-transform: uppercase; color: #999;}.login-button-1 span.login-button a.login-button { color: inherit; text-decoration: none;}.login-button-1 a.login-button:hover,.login-button-1 a.login-button:active,.login-button-1 a.login-button:focus { color: #fff;}@media (min-width: 890px) {.login-button-1 .logged-out-toolbar.login-button { transform: translateY(-.5rem);}.login-button-1 .active.login-button { background: transparent;}.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button { display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;}.login-button-1 span.login-button { display: inline;vertical-align: middle;}}.nav-search-1 input.nav-search:focus { outline: none;}.nav-search-1 button.nav-search { background: none; color: inherit; border: none; font: inherit; cursor: pointer;}.nav-search-1 button.nav-search:focus { outline: none;}.nav-search-1 .search.nav-search { padding-top: 0; margin-right: .5rem;}.nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { position: relative; top: -5px; right: -3px; fill:;}.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 5rem; bottom: 0; left: 5rem; z-index: 3; padding: 0.5rem 0.2rem; border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333;}.nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search { display: none;}.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search { background: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem;}.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; width: 100%; margin: 0 .5rem;}.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search { height: 100%; padding: 0; margin-right: 0; -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center;}.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search { width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 1rem; border-radius: 0.5rem; border: none; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: center;}.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search:focus { outline: none;}@keyframes fade-in-nav-search-1 {0% { opacity: 0;}100% { opacity: 1;}}.nav-search-1 .fade-in.nav-search { animation: fade-in-nav-search-1 .2s forwards;}@media (min-width: 890px) {.nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { display: inline;width: 28px;height: 28px;vertical-align: -14px;}.nav-search-1 .search.nav-search path.nav-search { fill: #333;}.nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search { display: block;position: static;padding: 1.2rem .2rem;background: transparent;}.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search { width: 13rem;height: 2.8rem;-webkit-box-orient: horizontal;-webkit-box-direction: reverse;-ms-flex-direction: row-reverse;flex-direction: row-reverse;}.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search { width: calc(100% – 28px);height: 100%;padding-left: 0;font-size: 1.4rem;text-align: left;}.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { width: 28px;height: 28px;}}.media-button-1 a.media-button { display: inline-block; text-decoration: none;}.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button { display: inline-flex; width: 100%; padding: 0; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: left; background: transparent; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center;}.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus { outline: none;}.media-button-1 .label.media-button { display: inline-block; padding: 0; font-weight: 400; color: #fff; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;}.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button > .icon.media-button { display: inline-flex; width: 42px; height: 42px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -webkit-box-pack: center; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center;}.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button { background-color: #333; border-radius: 1rem 0 0 1rem;}.media-button-1 .icon.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #999;}.media-button-1 .icon.active.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #fff;}.media-button-1 .donate.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #f00;}@media (min-width: 890px) {.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button { width: auto;height: 5rem;color: #999;}.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus { color: #fff;}.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus .fill-color.media-button { fill: #fff;}.media-button-1 .label.media-button { display: none;}.media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { padding-right: 1rem;font-size: 1.3rem;text-transform: uppercase;color: inherit;}.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { display: none;content: “web”;}.media-button-1 .donate.media-button,.media-button-1 .more.media-button { display: none;}.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button { background: #474747;}.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.web.media-button:after { color: #fff;}.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button { background: transparent;}.media-button-1 .web.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #ffcd27;}.media-button-1 .texts.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #faab3c;}.media-button-1 .video.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #f1644b;}.media-button-1 .audio.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #00adef;}.media-button-1 .software.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #9ecc4f;}.media-button-1 .images.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #aa99c9;}}@media (min-width: 1300px) {.media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { display: inline;}.media-button-1 .web.media-button .label.media-button { display: none;}}.media-menu-1 { outline: none;}.media-menu-1 .media-menu.media-menu { position: absolute; z-index: -1; top: -100vh; width: 100%; background-color: #222; margin: 0; overflow: hidden;}.media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.media-menu { transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease;}.media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.open.media-menu { top: 100%;}.media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.closed.media-menu { top: -100vh;}.media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.closed.media-menu { transition-duration: 0.2s;}.media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu { position: relative; line-height: normal;}@media (min-width: 890px) {.media-menu-1 .media-menu.media-menu { display: inline-block;position: static;width: auto;height: 5rem;}.media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.media-menu { transition-property: none;}.media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.open.media-menu,.media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.closed.media-menu { top: 0;}.media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu { font-size: 0;}}.primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 a.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 input.primary-nav:focus { outline: none;}.primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav { position: relative; display: -ms-grid; display: grid; height: 4rem; grid-template-areas: “hamburger empty search user”; -ms-grid-columns: 4rem minmax(1rem, 100%) 4.3rem 5rem; grid-template-columns: 4rem auto 4.3rem 5rem; -ms-grid-rows: 100%; grid-template-rows: 100%; background: #222; border-bottom: 1px solid #333;}.primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav { background: none; color: inherit; border: none; font: inherit; cursor: pointer;}.primary-nav-1 .link-home.primary-nav { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; z-index: 2; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); -ms-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%);}.primary-nav-1 media-menu.primary-nav { grid-column-start: hamburger-start; grid-column-end: user-end;}.primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav { display: block;}.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { display: none;}.primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 1; grid-area: hamburger; padding: 0;}.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 3; grid-area: search; position: relative; padding: 0; z-index: 1; width: 100%; text-align: right; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center;}.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav { fill: #999;}.primary-nav-1 .search-activated.primary-nav { position: relative; z-index: 3;}.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav { display: none;}.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav { display: none;}.primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 4; grid-area: user; -ms-grid-row-align: stretch; align-self: stretch; -ms-grid-column-align: end; justify-self: end;}.primary-nav-1 .username.primary-nav { display: none; font-size: 1.3rem; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: uppercase;}.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav { height: 100%; padding: .5rem 1rem; color: #999;}.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav:hover { color: #fff;}.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav { border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333;}.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav { display: block; width: 30px; height: 30px;}@media (min-width: 890px) {.primary-nav-1 { ;}.primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav { display: block;z-index: 2;height: 5rem;padding-right: 1.5rem;}.primary-nav-1 .link-home.primary-nav { position: static;float: left;margin-top: 1rem;padding: 0 10px 0 13px;-webkit-transform: translate(0, 0);-ms-transform: translate(0, 0);transform: translate(0, 0);}.primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;}.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { margin-left: 1rem;}.primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav { display: none;}.primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav { float: right;padding-top: 1rem;}.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav { padding-top: 0;}.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav { background: transparent;}.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav { display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;}.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav { display: block;float: right;margin-top: 1rem;font-size: 1.4rem;text-transform: uppercase;text-decoration: none;color: #999;}.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover { color: #fff;}.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { width: 32px;height: 32px;vertical-align: middle;fill: #999;}.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active svg.primary-nav { fill: #fff;}.primary-nav-1 nav-search.primary-nav { float: right;margin-left: 1rem;}.primary-nav-1 login-button.primary-nav { display: block;margin-right: 1rem;}}@media (min-width: 990px) {.primary-nav-1 .username.primary-nav { display: inline-block;}.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav { display: inline;}}.search-menu-1 { ;}.search-menu-1 button.search-menu:focus,.search-menu-1 input.search-menu:focus { outline-color: #428bca; outline-width: 0.16rem; outline-style: auto;}.search-menu-1 .search-menu.search-menu { position: absolute; top: -800px; right: 0; left: 0; z-index: 1; padding: 0 4.5rem; font-size: 1.6rem; background-color: #333;}.search-menu-1 .tx-slide.search-menu { overflow: hidden; transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease;}.search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { top: -800px;}.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { transition-duration: 0.2s;}.search-menu-1 .open.search-menu { top: 4rem;}.search-menu-1 label.search-menu,.search-menu-1 a.search-menu { padding: 1rem; display: block;}.search-menu-1 .advanced-search.search-menu { text-decoration: none; color: #428bca;}@media (min-width: 890px) {.search-menu-1 .search-menu.search-menu { overflow: visible;top: -400px;right: 2rem;left: auto;z-index: 5;padding: 1rem 2rem;transition: opacity .2s ease-in-out;font-size: 1.4rem;color: #333;border-radius: 2px;background: #fff;box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, .15);}.search-menu-1 .search-menu.search-menu:after { position: absolute;right: 7px;top: -7px;width: 12px;height: 7px;box-sizing: border-box;color: #fff;content: “”;border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor;border-left: 6px solid transparent;border-right: 6px solid transparent;}.search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { opacity: 0;transition-duration: .2s;}.search-menu-1 .open.search-menu { top: 5.1rem;opacity: 1;}.search-menu-1 label.search-menu { padding: 0;}.search-menu-1 label.search-menu + label.search-menu { padding-top: 7px;}.search-menu-1 a.search-menu { padding: 1rem 0 0 0;}}.media-subnav-1 a.media-subnav { text-decoration: none; color: #fff;}.media-subnav-1 img.media-subnav { display: block; width: 90px; height: 90px; margin: 0 auto 1rem auto; border-radius: 45px;}.media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav { margin-top: 0; font-size: 1.8rem;}.media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav { font-size: 1.6rem;}.media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none;}.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav { padding-top: 1.5rem;}.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: space-evenly; -ms-flex-pack: space-evenly; justify-content: space-evenly; text-align: center;}.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav { display: inline-block; width: 120px; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis;}.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav + a.media-subnav { margin-left: 2rem;}.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav { display: none;}@media (min-width: 890px) {.media-subnav-1 { display: -ms-grid;display: grid;-ms-grid-columns: 40% 20% 40%;grid-template-columns: 40% 20% 40%;}.media-subnav-1 .wayback-search.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 1;-ms-grid-column-span: 3;grid-column: 1 / 4;}.media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav { display: none;}.media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav { margin: 0 0 1rem 0;font-weight: 100;}.media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav { font-size: 1.3rem;}.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav { padding-bottom: .5rem;}.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav { padding-top: 0;}.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav a.media-subnav { display: block;overflow: hidden;white-space: nowrap;text-overflow: ellipsis;}.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 1;}.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav { padding-top: 3.5rem;max-width: 160px;}.media-subnav-1 .links.media-subnav { padding: 0 1.5rem;}.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 2;}.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav { display: block;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 3;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav { display: -ms-grid;display: grid;-ms-grid-columns: 50% 3rem 50%;grid-template-columns: 50% 50%;-ms-grid-rows: (auto)[7];grid-template-rows: repeat(7, auto);grid-column-gap: 3rem;grid-auto-flow: column;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(1) { -ms-grid-row: 1;-ms-grid-column: 1;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(2) { -ms-grid-row: 2;-ms-grid-column: 1;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(3) { -ms-grid-row: 3;-ms-grid-column: 1;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(4) { -ms-grid-row: 4;-ms-grid-column: 1;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(5) { -ms-grid-row: 5;-ms-grid-column: 1;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(6) { -ms-grid-row: 6;-ms-grid-column: 1;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(7) { -ms-grid-row: 7;-ms-grid-column: 1;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(8) { -ms-grid-row: 1;-ms-grid-column: 3;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(9) { -ms-grid-row: 2;-ms-grid-column: 3;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(10) { -ms-grid-row: 3;-ms-grid-column: 3;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(11) { -ms-grid-row: 4;-ms-grid-column: 3;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(12) { -ms-grid-row: 5;-ms-grid-column: 3;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(13) { -ms-grid-row: 6;-ms-grid-column: 3;}.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(14) { -ms-grid-row: 7;-ms-grid-column: 3;}}.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider { display: none; position: absolute; top: 4rem; right: 0; left: 4rem; height: 368px; overflow-x: hidden;}.media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider { position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; padding: 0; height: 368px; overflow-x: hidden; font-size: 1.4rem; background: #333;}.media-slider-1 .open.media-slider { display: block;}.media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider { padding: 1rem;}@media (min-width: 890px) {.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider { display: block;top: 0;left: 0;height: auto;overflow-x: visible;transform: translate(0, -100%);transition: transform .2s ease;}.media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider { left: 0;z-index: 1;height: auto;min-height: 21rem;background: #474747;transform: translate(0, -100%);transition: transform .2s ease;}.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider { transform: translate(0, 8rem);}.media-slider-1 .information-menu.open.media-slider { transform: translate(0, 0);}.media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider { max-width: 1000px;padding: 1.5rem 0;margin: 0 auto;}}.desktop-subnav-1 ul.desktop-subnav { position: relative; z-index: 3; padding: .8rem 0; margin: 0; font-size: 1.2rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; background: #333;}.desktop-subnav-1 li.desktop-subnav { display: inline-block; padding: 0 15px;}.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav { text-decoration: none; color: #aaa;}.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:hover,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:active,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:focus { color: #fff;}.desktop-subnav-1 .donate.desktop-subnav svg.desktop-subnav { width: 16px; height: 16px; vertical-align: -4px; fill: #f00;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 { ;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown { position: absolute; top: -1500px; right: 0; z-index: 1; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.6rem; background-color: #333; transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { top: -1500px;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { transition-duration: 0.5s;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { top: 4rem; max-width: 100vw; overflow: auto;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.6rem 2rem; margin: 0; font-size: inherit; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.4rem 0 0.7rem 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; max-height: calc(100vh – 7.2rem + 1px); overflow: auto; box-sizing: border-box;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown { margin: .5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #666;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { display: block; color: #fff; text-decoration: none; padding: 1rem 2rem;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { font-size: .8em; color: #999;}@media (min-width: 890px) {.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown { overflow: visible;top: calc(100% + 7px);left: auto;z-index: 5;transition: opacity .2s ease-in-out;font-size: 1.4rem;border-radius: 2px;background: #fff;box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, .15);}.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown:after { position: absolute;right: 7px;top: -7px;width: 12px;height: 7px;box-sizing: border-box;color: #fff;content: “”;border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor;border-left: 6px solid transparent;border-right: 6px solid transparent;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown { display: none;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown { max-height: calc(100vh – 8.5rem + 1px);}.signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown { border-bottom-color: #666;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown { padding: .5rem 2rem;color: #333;transition: background .1s ease-out, color .1s ease-out;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { padding: .5rem 2rem;font-size: .8em;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:hover,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:active,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:focus { color: #fff;background: #428bca;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { opacity: 0;transition-duration: .2s;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { top: 5.1rem;opacity: 1;overflow: visible;}}@media (min-width: 890px) {.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { right: 33.7rem;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.open.signed-out-dropdown { right: 18.3rem;}}@media (min-width: 990px) {.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { right: 39.7rem;}.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.open.signed-out-dropdown { right: 23.5rem;}}.ia-topnav-1 { ; 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